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Indonesian Comparison with other countries in the intensity of use of Science Technology (IT)

World Economic Forum (WEF) and INSEAD examine the development of ICT, its use and its impact around the world, and pour results in a measurable index that can be compared from one country to another. There are four main things studied, that is:

·         the regulatory framework and the government's attitude to the economy associated with the development of ICT;

·         the level of preparedness of the state (government, business and individuals) to use ICT facilities and infrastructure;

·         the efforts made to improve the ability of the actors in the use of ICT and how to use that ability in everyday life; and

·          Economic and social impacts of the state obtained from the use of ICT.

Expected to know the strengths and weaknesses of each country in various aspects of ICT, then decision makers can formulate ICT policy and program development more precisely. The government's effort not enough not only expand access, but also from the beginning to develop a variety of applications and their use for various areas of productive life according to his needs. With an understanding of these ICTs, governments are required not only to watch the developments taking place or just use it as a reason "the others also use", but the directing and encouraging their development so as to give maximum impact on the lives and welfare of the people.

Networking Readiness Index

The annual report of The Global Information Technology Report 2012 issued by the WEF and INSEAD load sequence countries in the world according Networking Readiness Index (Networked Readiness Index). Networking Readiness Index (hereinafter referred to as IKB) measures the rate of progress of countries on the basis of information and communication technology sophistication. IKB constructed of 4 elements or sub-indexes, and each sub-index is formed of 10 pillars, and every pillar is formed of several indicators. In total there are 53 indicators used to measure the progress of information technology and communications. Into four sub-indices are the environment (environment), readiness (readiness), usage (usage) and impact (impact). The 10 pillars and several important indicators will be outlined when describing the outcome of the race between nations in the sophistication of information technology and communications following.

a. Global Level

At the global level, the first winner of the race sophistication of information and communication technologies according to the WEF this year is Sweden, followed by neighboring Singapore, and other European countries (Finland, Denmark, Switzerland, Netherlands, Norway), then the U.S., Canada and UK. Other Asian countries occupy the top position is Taiwan (11th), South Korea (12th), Hong Kong (13th), and Japan (18th). Indonesia itself turns was ranked 80 of 142 countries surveyed.

b. ASEAN level

In South East Asia, after Singapore, Malaysia is a country which is the highest level of information and communication technology advances, followed by Brunei Darussalam and Thailand, then Indonesia and other countries. The difference between the champion rank second (Malaysia, to 29) and 3 (Brunei Darussalam, to 54) so far, with 25 levels, as well as between countries rank third and fourth (Thailand, to 77) far enough (17 levels ). See Table 1. While between Indonesia (to 80) and Thailand (77) to within 3 levels. The difference between Indonesia's ranking by countries that ranked higher will indicate the difficulty of Indonesia has received a bronze medal in the IT field in ASEAN, which is currently held by a neighboring country with a population of only 400 thousand inhabitants (Brunei Darussalam), let alone to surpass the runner, that is Malaysia.

On the other hand, the difference in ratings between Indonesia and other ASEAN countries that rank lower, it was not too far, only about 3 levels, that is Vietnam (to 83) and the Philippines (to 86). This means that Indonesia can easily be exceeded by the two countries. As for the other ASEAN countries who are in the bottom is Cambodia (to 108) and close neighboring East Timor (to 132). Compared with China (to 51) and India (69th), Indonesia is lagging relatively far, that is 30 and 10 levels respectively.

Table 1. Readiness Index Networking ASEAN, China and India; 2012

No	country	Networking Readiness Index
1	Singapura	2
2	Malaysia	29
3	Brunei Darussalam	54
4	Thailand	77
5	INDONESIA	80
6	Vietnam	83
7	Filipina	86
8	Kambodia	108
9	Timor-Leste	132
10	China	51
11	India	69

Source: WEF (2012), processed (all tables)

Determinants Rating

As described before, Networking Readiness Index is determined by the four sub-indices. Among the four sub-indices, the ranking of the best there is in the sub-index of the regulatory environment and business innovation (to 72) and the readiness of facilities and infrastructure (to 74), and ranked lower in the aspect of IT use (to 85) and the impact the economic and social (to 86). Comparisons with other countries are as follows. In general, the ratings for each sub-index is equal to rank for Networking Readiness Index, in just a few sub-index differences. In terms of ICT infrastructure readiness, Indonesia's ranking (74th) slightly better than Thailand (75) and Brunei Darussalam (to 87). In contrast, the impact of aspects of IT, Indonesia (86th) left behind from Vietnam (to 79), and the Philippines (to 84). Compared with China and India, Indonesia is just better than Indian (to 78) in the environmental aspects. See Table 2.

Table 2. Readiness Index Networking ASEAN, China and India under sub-indices; 2012

	country	environment	readiness of	use ofn	the impact
1	Singapura	1	8	5	1
2	Malaysia	23	55	29	24
3	Brunei Darussalam	57	87	41	50
4	Thailand	59	75	83	85
5	INDONESIA	72	74	85	86
6	Vietnam	96	86	69	79
7	Filipina	111	77	86	84
8	Kambodia	89	106	111	110
9	Timor-Leste	129	117	131	133
10	China	64	66	51	41
11	India	78	64	78	52

In the sub-index of the environment, there are two pillars are considered, that is the political and regulatory environment pillar, and the pillar of the business environment and innovation. In the political and regulatory environment pillar associated with ICT, Indonesia needs to learn from Vietnam and Cambodia, which ranks better. While the pillars of the business environment and innovation, ranking Indonesia (to 64) is better than Brunei Darussalam (to 76).

The ability of a country to take advantage of information and communication technologies depends on readiness . In this sub - Readiness index , Indonesia ranks in the middle ( to 74 ) . This position is certainly not encouraging because the majority of countries are developing countries . So among the developing countries also , readiness of the Indonesian nation in utilizing information and communication technology no more advanced . This aspect of readiness is determined by the infrastructure , content / application and affordability of digital users to buy and use information and communication facilities . Compared to other ASEAN countries , Indonesia excel in aspects of digital applications (ranked 34 ) , only Singapore and Thailand beat Indonesia . While the aspects of the supporting infrastructure , Indonesia ranks far behind ( to 103 ) . In the aspect of affordability , the position of Indonesia ( to 69 ) are relatively the same as Vietnam , Thailand and the Philippines . Review of aspects of the use of IT technology by individuals , businesses and governments ( sub - index to 3 ) , Indonesia still has to learn from ASEAN countries and China and India . Overall ranking Indonesian is that to 85 , is behind Singapore , Malaysia , Brunei , Vietnam and Thailand . The main factors behind this low level of use is the use by individuals (ranked 103 ) is not as advanced as other ASEAN countries . But the business world in Indonesia is more advanced in using information and communication technology ( to 49 ) compared to other ASEAN countries , except Singapore ( 14th ) and Malaysia ( 27 ) . Compared to China ( to 51 ) and India ( 78 ) , Indonesia is still lagging overall . Furthermore, in terms of its impact on the economy and social life ( sub - index to 4 ) , Indonesia is in a relatively disadvantaged position . Overall, Indonesia is ranked at number 86 , well behind Singapore ( 1 ) , Malaysia ( 24 ) and some other ASEAN countries , as well as China ( to 41 ) and India ( to 52 ) . The Indonesian lag contributed by the fact that the ICT in Indonesia are relatively small effect on the economy ( to 106 ) , compared with India which ranks 41 . Impact on social life ( to 66 ) , better than the economy ( to 106 ) , a phenomenon apparent when the city election process takes place . On the whole of the ten pillars forming Networking Readiness Index , Affordability best pillar ( to 34 ) and the Business Use ( to 49 ) . While the worst is the use of Individual pillar ( to 103 ) and the Economic Impact ( 106 ) . See Table 3 .

Table 3. Indonesian Networking readiness of Index by Pilar; 2012

No	pillar	ratings
1	affordability	34
2	business use	49
3	Business environment and innovation	64
4	social the impact	66
5	skills	69
6	use of government	75
7	Political and regulatory environment	88
8	Infrastructure and application of digital	103
9	use of individual	103
10	The economic impact	106

Indicator Best and Worst

Of the 53 indicators are used as the basis for calculating Networking Readiness Index , four indicators are in group 40 of the world , namely the presence of venture capital ( to 17 ) , the innovation capacity ( to 30 ) , the purchase of advanced technology goods by the government ( to 34 ) , the cellular tariffs move ( to 34 ) . Two indicators are relatively good is the quality of the education system ( to 44 ) , and the use of virtual social networks ( 48 ) . While the indicators included in the world's worst ranking is the production of electricity ( to 109 ) , the international internet broadband ( to 109 ) , Secure Internet servers ( to 109 ) , households with Internet access ( to 109 ) , Internet users ( to 118 ) , and the worst is the time to start a business ( to 124 ) . See Table 4 . Several positive factors that determine Networking Readiness index was not directly related to ICT , such as the presence of venture capital , innovation capacity , government purchases of goods technologically advanced , and cellular rates relatively affordable . Similarly, non - IT factors also negatively affect IT sophistication Indonesia , namely electricity and regulatory issues related to the establishment of the company .

Table 4. Ranking the Best and Worst Networking readiness of Indicators Indonesia; 2012

No	Indicator Best	Indicator Worst
1	The availability of venture capital (17)	Production of electricity (109)
2	Capacity of innovation (30)	international Internet Broadband (109)
3	Government procurement of advanced technology goods (34)	Internet Servers (109)
4	Rates cellular mobile (34)	Households with Internet access (109)
5	The quality of the education system (44)	Internet users (118)
6	use of of virtual social networks (48)	Time to start a business (124)

Indonesia's ranking in the control and use of ICT Readiness Index as measured with Networking was not so prominent as compared to other ASEAN countries or other countries in the world in general . There are several things that need to be addressed to improve the benefits of ICT . Enabling environment and infrastructure readiness needs to be expanded and upgraded , and the use of ICT in various areas need to be considered more seriously. In order to be categorized as class country with China and India , government needs to have a higher target again , with development programs and more focused use of ICT . The government needs pioneered the use of ICT in areas that are still weak , encourage businesses to take advantage of ICT and provide incentives for industry and universities to develop a variety of useful applications . Hopefully, the information and communication technology more widespread , affordable , with an increasingly diverse applications , the quality of life and well-being of society is increasing.

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http://www.bappenas.go.id/blog/?p=834

http://dewisavriani26.wordpress.com/2012/12/10/perbandingan-indonesia-dengan-negara-lain-dalam-intensitas-penggunaan-ilmu-teknologi-it/